Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)

Clarifiers are settling tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation. A clarifier is generally used to remove solid particulates or suspended solids from liquid for clarification and (or) thickening. Concentrated impurities, discharged from the bottom of the tank are known as sludge, while the particles that float to the surface of the liquid are called scum. The efficiency of Clarifier depends on several factors such as particle size, viscosity of water etc and the primary purpose of clarification are to remove relatively small quantity of fine suspended particles and produce clear effluent. . Addition of flocculants is common to aid separation in clarifiers, but density difference of flocculent concentrate may cause treated water to have an excessive flocculent concentration. The two dominant forces acting upon the solid particles in clarifiers are gravity and particle interactions. Disproportional flow can lead to turbulent and hydraulic instability and potential flow short-circuiting. Water being introduced into the clarifier should be controlled to reduce the velocity of the inlet flow. Reducing the velocity maximizes the hydraulic retention time inside the clarifier for sedimentation and helps to avoid excessive turbulence and mixing; thereby promoting the effective settling of the suspended particles.

In large waste water treatment plants, the Flocculators and the clarifier are combined together to achieve economy in construction. The combined unit of Flocculators and clarifier is known as Clariflocculator in waste water treatment process. Clariflocculator shall have two concentric tanks with inner tank serving as flocculation basin and outer tank serving as clarifier. The chemically dosed water is uniformly distributed over the surface of the flocculation compartment for effective utilization of the available volume for flocculation. The specially designed flocculating paddles enhance flocculation of the feed solids. As heavy particles settle to the bottom, the liquid flows radially outward and upward and the clarified liquid is discharged over a peripheral outlet into the peripheral launder. The sludge gets deposited to the bottom near the central pocket from which it is discharged. Karyasiddhi offers both centrally driven and peripheral driven Clariflocculator.

The Primary purpose of thickening is to increase the concentration of large quantity of suspended solids in the feed stream. The working principle is very similar to that of clarifier but process result is different. Fundamentally Thickeners and Clarifiers are both used to settle solids which results in separation of liquids and solids. However the difference between the two systems is that Thickeners are used to concentrate solids whereas Clarifiers are used to purify liquids. Moreover, thickening process involves higher torques than clarificulator. Hence the gearbox and other mechanical parts are built for heavy duty. The basic components of thickener consists of a tank, means for introducing the feed with minimum turbulence, a drive actuated rake mechanism for moving settled solids to discharge point, a means for removing thickened solids, and a means for removing clarified liquid. The application of Thickeners varies. For instance where water is in short supply, it is deployed to recycle water back to the plant. They can also be used to reduce the size of the particle or to remove minerals and fines from water.

Aerators are used in biological treatment to convert organic matter into biological cell mass thereby reducing the BOD. The biological matter consumes dissolved oxygen for respiration and mechanical surface aerators are provided to replenish oxygen consumed. Aerators are efficient circulators, drawing liquid from bottom portion of the Water tank and distributing it with intense turbulence over the liquid surface. This positive circulating action is the reason for continuous, rapid and complete mixing which occurs in an aeration tank and which is fundamental to the success of the activated sludge method of treatment. It is a process by which air is circulated through, mixed with or dissolved in water by passing the liquid through air by various means such as fountains, cascades, paddle-wheels or cones. KARYASIDDHI Aerators are designed for efficient operation and achieving powerful aeration resulting in improvement of oxygen dissolving efficiency. Aerators are typically used for wastewater applications like sewage and effluent treatment

Diffused Aeration helps maintain an aerobic condition, with a basic purpose of improving water quality for subsequent reuse. Aeration can bring about the physical removal of taste- and odor-producing substances, such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and other volatiles and the chemical removal of metals (iron, manganese), gases (hydrogen sulfide), and other compounds (organic and inorganic) through oxidation and settling. In wastewater treatment facilities, submerged bubble aeration is accomplished by dispersing air bubbles into the liquid using diffusion aerators, or "bubble diffusers". The bubbles rise from the bottom of the pond taking oxygen depleted water to the surface to mix with oxygen rich water. To sufficiently meet the oxygen needs of aerobic wastewater treatment facilities, oxygen is supplied through additional interfaces, such as blowers and bubble diffusers. In diffused aeration, submerged devices release air or oxygen into the wastewater. As bubbles rise through the wastewater, (1) oxygen is transferred from a gaseous state to a liquid state – thus adding dissolved oxygen (DO) to the water and (2) they keep the microorganisms suspended, so they do not settle out. The longer these particles are suspended and maintain contact with the DO, the more waste solids they can consume and break down. Diffused Aerators are meant to be used in ponds up to 10 feet deep.

In pressure sand filter raw water flows downwards through the filter bed and as the suspended matter- which has usually been treated by addition of a coagulant like alum- is retained on the sand surface and between the sand grains immediately below the surface. A typical pressure sand filter consists of a pressure vessel fitted with a set of frontal pipe work and valves, graded sand supported by layers of graded under bed consisting usually of pebbles, a top distributor to distribute the incoming water uniformly throughout the cross section of the filter, and an under drain system to collect filtered water. Pressure Sand Filter is an ideal solution for the systems with high sediment, silt, sand, and turbidity. Our unique design ensures the maximum utilization of the surface area, lesser pressure drop across the pressure bed and effective elimination of the impurities. The strength, stability and micro-porous character of filtration media make sand filter suitable for virtually every application in the water treatment industry.

Activated carbon filters are generally used in the process of removing organic compounds and/or extracting free chlorine from effluent water before discharge or use in manufacturing processes. Activated Carbon Filter makes use of adsorption technology to remove various compounds, vapors and odors that cause impurity in water Adsorption refers to the removal of an impurity from a liquid to the surface of a solid. The basic factors that need to be considered in the design of Activated carbon filters include Molecular weight, pH, Particle size, Flow rate and temperature besides other parameters. Activated carbon is a proven technology for the removal of naturally occurring organics and residual disinfectants. Designing an activated carbon filtration system needs to take into account the differences in the water to be treated, the type of activated carbon used, and the effluent quality and operating parameters. It is the most common method of treatment for de chlorination and removal of taste and odor from water. KARYASIDDI offers Activated Carbon Filtration systems for various applications and available in various materials like FRP, SS and MS and for durability, simple installation and reliable performance.

Agitators are used for effective mixing, avoiding deposits and to generate flow. An agitator is a device or mechanism to put something into motion by shaking or stirring for mixing, blending, suspending, dispersing, heat transfer etc. Essentially, agitators are used for the homogenization of liquids or liquid-solid mixtures by generating horizontal and vertical flows. A rotating agitator generates high speed streams of liquid which in turn entrain stagnant or slower moving regions of liquid resulting in uniform mixing by momentum transfer. These flows are generated by rotating agitator blades. In general, agitators usually consist of an impeller and a shaft. An impeller is a rotor located within a tube or conduit attached to the shaft. It helps enhance the pressure and flow of the fluid. We offer well-engineered and optimum agitation solutions, mixing agitators, industrial agitators, chemical agitator, industrial agitator, chemical agitators, for all your Mixing Tasks.

An industrial Filter Press is used in separation processes, specifically to separate solids and liquids. The process uses the principle of pressure drive as provided by a slurry pump. A filter press comprises a set of vertical, juxtaposed recessed plates, presses against each other by hydraulic jacks to one end of the set. This vertical plate layout forms watertight filtration chambers allowing easy mechanization for the discharge of cakes. Orifices feed the sludge to be filtered under pressure in the filtration chamber. They are usually placed in the center of the plates allowing a proper distribution of flow, right pressure and better drainage of sludge within the chamber. Solids sludge gradually accumulates in the filtration chamber until the final compacted cake is formed and collected. Cake discharge can be done in many ways. For example: Shaking the plates while they are being opened or shaking the cloths. A scraper can also be used, by moving from one chamber to another and scraping the cake off the cloth. At the end of each run, the cloths are cleaned using wash liquid and are ready to start the next cycle.

Diverse Industries face a common problem: oily water. Where water is used extensively, at some point along the production process, either in cooling machinery, washing down equipment, problems arise when water picks up oil. And, regardless of whether the facility reuses the water or sends it to a city treatment plant, the oil has to be removed. Therefore the use of skimmers in industrial applications is often required to remove oils, grease and fats prior to further treatment for environmental discharge compliance. Oil skimmers are an excellent means to primary treatment of waste water prior to discharge into public sewers or waterways or in-house treatment. By removing the top layer of oils, water stagnation, smell and unsightly surface scum can be reduced. Oil Skimmers are placed before an oily water treatment system which gives greater overall oil separation efficiency for improved discharge wastewater quality. Depending on the specific design they are used as a part of oily water treatment systems, removing oil from machine tool coolant and aqueous parts washers, and collecting fats oils and greases in wastewater treatment in food manufacturing industries. Skimming keeps sensitive equipment from getting coated with oil, reducing treatment plant maintenance costs. Skimming, along with water conservation, leads to generating less pollution and leads to more effective treatment of wastewater.